The Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Potential of Euphorbia macroclada Boiss. Extract on Colon Cancer Cells
Abstract views: 167 / PDF downloads: 52
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62482/pmj.11Keywords:
Euphorbia macroclada, colon cancer, cytotoxicity, genotoxicityAbstract
Introduction: Cancer continues to be the second most common cause of death globally. There is currently any proven treatment medication for cancer. Chemotherapy is one of the modern therapeutic approaches that not only kills cancer cells but also has major negative effects on healthy cells. 80% of people worldwide still get their basic medical care from traditional medications, according to data from the World Health Organization. Scientists have created new approaches to treating cancer by combining radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery with a variety of phytochemicals derived from different plant species. This is because plants and active pharmaceutical ingredients derived from plants have minimal to no side effects and high activity. The Euphorbia macroclada, found in different locations of Turkey, has long been utilized by the public for its traditional medicinal properties in treating a range of illnesses. Research conducted in current scientific databases has established that Euphorbia macroclada exhibits significant antioxidant activity.
Methods: This study aims to evaluate the potential antiproliferative effect of the dichloromethane extract of the Euphorbia macroclada on HT-29 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines using the in vitro MTT technique. Additionally, the possible genotoxic activity using the Comet assay on human colon cancer cells were also done.
Results: The IC50 concentration of Euphorbia macroclada was determined to be 133,835 µg/mL in HCT-116 and 111,215 µg/mL in HT-29 cells after 24 h. Concurrently with the MTT results, it was established that there was an increase in DNA damage in a dose dependent manner than those of control.
Conclusion: Following the collection of these data with the Euphorbia macroclada, it has been determined that dichloromethane extract of the Euphorbia macroclada has the potential to serve as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of colon cancer. On the other hand, in vivo and in vitro studies are needed.
References
Greenwell M, Rahman PKSM. Medicinal plants: their use in anticancer treatment. Int J Pharm Sci Res, 2015;6(10):4103. https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.6(10).4103-12
Natarajan D, Britto SJ, Srinivasan K, Nagamurugan N, Mohanasundari C, Perumal G. Antibacterial activity of Euphorbia fusiformis-A rare medicinal herb. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;102(1):123-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.04.023.
Tang Q, Su Z, Han Z, Ma X, Xu D, Liang Y, Cao H, Wang X, Qu X, Hoffman A, Liu H, Gu D, Qui D. LC–MS method for detecting prostratin in plant extracts and identification of a high-yielding population of Euphorbia fischeriana. Phytochem Lett, 2012;5(1): 214-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.12.011.
Demirkiran O, Topcu G, Hussain J, Uddin Ahmad V, Choudhary MI. Structure elucidation of two new unusual monoterpene glycosides from Euphorbia decipiens, by 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Magn Reson Chem. 2011;49(10):673-77. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrc.2795.
Jassbi AR. Chemistry and biological activity of secondary metabolites in Euphorbia from Iran. Phytochemistry. 2006;67(18):1977-1984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.06.030.
Hooper M. Major Herbs of Ayurveda; Elsevier Health Sciences: Amsterdam. The Netherlands. 2002. p. 340–345.
Shi QW, Su XH, Kiyota H. Chemical and pharmacological research of the plants in genus Euphorbia. Chem rev, 2008;108(10):4295-4327. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr078350s.
Ernst M, Grace OM, Saslis-Lagoudakis CH, Nilsson N, Simonsen HT, Rønsted N. Global medicinal uses of Euphorbia L.(Euphorbiaceae). J Ethnopharmacol, 2015;176:90-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.025.
Zeghad F, Djilani SE, Djilani A, Dicko A. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of three Euphorbia species. Turk J Pharm Sci, 2016;13(1): 47-56.
Aleksandrov M, Maksimova V, Koleva Gudeva L. Review of the anticancer and Cytotoxic activity of some species from genus Euphorbia. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus. 2019; 84(1): 1-5. https://hrcak.srce.hr/en/218527
Davis PH. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean Islands (Vol. 7). Edinburg University Press. 1982.
Tuzlacı E. Geleneksel İlaç Rehberi: Türkiye Bitkileri. İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi. 2017.
Kirbag S, Erecevit P, Zengin F, Guvenc AN. Antimicrobial activities of some Euphorbia species. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2013;10(5):305-309. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v10i5.13.
Mahmoudi S, Roustaei M, Zaini F, Kordbacheh P, Safara M. In vitro antifungal activities of Euphorbia macroclada and fluconazole against pathogenic Candida species. Curr Med Mycol. 2015;1(2): 7-12. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.2.7.
Barla A, Oztürk M, Kültür S, Oksüz S. Screening of antioxidant activity of three Euphorbia species from Turkey. Fitoterapia. 2007;78(6):423-425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2007.02.021.
Farhan H, Rammal H, Hijazi A, Daher A, Reda M, Annan H, Chokr A, Bassal A, Badran B. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of a Lebanese plant Euphorbia macroclada schyzoceras. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013;3(7): 542-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60110-0.
Ertas A, Yilmaz MA, Firat M. Chemical profile by LC-MS/MS, GC/MS and antioxidant activities of the essential oils and crude extracts of two Euphorbia species. Nat Prod Res. 2015; 29(6):529-534. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.954113.
Vasas A, Hohmann J. Euphorbia diterpenes: isolation, structure, biological activity, and synthesis (2008-2012). Chem Rev. 2014; 114(17):8579-8612. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr400541j.
Diederich M, Cerella C. Non-canonical programmed cell death mechanisms triggered by natural compounds. Semin Cancer Biol. 2016; 40-41:4-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.06.001.
Beekman AC, Barentsen AR, Woerdenbag HJ, Van Uden W, Pras N, Konings AW, el-Feraly FS, Galal AM, Wikström HV. Stereochemistry-dependent cytotoxicity of some artemisinin derivatives. J Nat Prod. 1997;60(4):325-330. https://doi.org/10.1021/np9605495.
Singh NP, McCoy MT, Tice RR, Schneider EL. A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp Cell Res. 1988;175(1):184-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4827(88)90265-0
Hartmann A, Agurell E, Beevers C, Brendler-Schwaab S, Burlinson B, Clay P, Collins A, Smith A, Speit G, Thybaud V, Tice RR; 4th International Comet Assay Workshop. Recommendations for conducting the in vivo alkaline Comet assay. 4th International Comet Assay Workshop. Mutagenesis. 2003;18(1):45-51. https://doi.org/10.1093/mutage/18.1.45.
de Montellano BO. Empirical Aztec medicine. Science. 1975;188(4185):215-220. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1090996.
Lai XZ, Yang YB, Shan XL. The investigation of Euphorbiaceous medicinal plants in Southern China. Economic botany. 2004;58(1): S307-S320. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4256927
Kumar S, Malhotra R, Kumar D. Euphorbia hirta: Its chemistry, traditional and medicinal uses, and pharmacological activities. Pharmacogn Rev. 2010;4(7):58-61. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.65327.
Guo X, Fu Z, Bi Y, Zheng J, Wang L, He X, Li F, Lei X, Ren Q. [Chinese herbal medicine Euphorbia esula extract induces apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of multidrug resistant gastric carcinoma cells]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi. 2018;35(2):244-251. Chinese. https://doi.org/10.7507/1001-5515.201609009.
Fu ZY, Han XD, Wang AH, Liu XB. Apoptosis of human gastric carcinoma cells induced by Euphorbia esula latex. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(13):3564-3572. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i13.3564.
Wang Y, Yu X, Wang L, Zhang F, Zhang Y. Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Anticancer Pharmacological Activities of Euphorbia lunulata Bunge. Biomed Res Int. 2020 Jan 14;2020:3618941. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3618941.
Zhou M, Ma Q, He L, Chen YH, Zhu BY, Wang JH, Yang Q, Liu S, Ma LM. Cytotoxic jatrophane diterpenoids from the aerial parts of Euphorbia helioscopia. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2021;23(8):731-737. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2020.1769611.
Villanueva J, Quirós LM, Castañón S. Purification and partial characterization of a ribosome-inactivating protein from the latex of Euphorbia trigona Miller with cytotoxic activity toward human cancer cell lines. Phytomedicine. 2015;22(7-8):689-695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2015.04.006.
Aliomrani M, Jafarian A, Zolfaghari B. Phytochemical Screening and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Euphorbia turcomanica on Hela and HT-29 Tumor Cell Lines. Adv Biomed Res. 2017;6:68. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.192734.
Sadeghi-Aliabadi H, Sajjadi SE, Khodamoradi M. Cytotoxicity of Euphorbia macroclada on MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell line. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2009;5(2):103-108.
Taş A, Şahin Bölükbaşi S, Çevik E, Ozmen E, Gümüş E, Siliğ Y. An in vitro Study of Cytotoxic Activity of Euphorbia macroclada boiss on Mcf-7 Cells. Indian J Pharm Educ Res. 2018, 52(4), S119–S123. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.52.4s.86.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Pharmedicine Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.