Dose Dependent Effects of Bisphenol A Exposure on Locomotor Activity, Acetylcholinesterase and Redox System Parameters in Zebrafish Embryos
Abstract views: 234
/ 
PDF downloads: 103
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62482/pmj.8Keywords:
Bisphenol A, locomotor activity, oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase, zebrafish embryosAbstract
Introduction: Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) are either synthetic or natural compounds in the environment that can interfere with endocrine functions. Exposure to EDCs during development is a major concern, and the health consequences may be permanent or long-lasting. Bisphenol A (BPA) is known to be an EDC and prenatal BPA exposure has been related to differences in children’s brain microstructure, leading to differences in children’s behavioral symptoms. Moreover, high BPA exposure during pregnancy is related to increased behavioral problems throughout childhood. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of BPA exposure in zebrafish embryos, focusing on locomotor activities and biochemical parameters.
Methods: Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 1μg/L and 10 μg/L BPA until 72 hpf. At the end of exposure period, locomotor activities were determined and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined using spectrophotometric methods.
Results: Concentration-dependent changes were determined in GST and SOD activities, indicating increased response to oxidative stress due to BPA toxicity. AChE acitivity alterations and locomotor activity changes pointed out the importance of concentration in the neurotoxic effects of BPA in zebrafish embryos.
Conclusion: The results of our study pointed out that new studies are needed to examine the effects of BPA, especially on cognitive and locomotor functions.
References
Rochester JR. Bisphenol A and human health: a review of the literature. Reprod Toxicol. 2013; 42:132-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.08.008
Wazir U, Mokbel K. Bisphenol A. A Concise Review of Literature and a Discussion of Health and Regulatory Implications. In Vivo. 2019; 33(5):1421-1423. https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.11619
McHardy SF, Wang HL, McCowen SV, Valdez MC. Recent advances in acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Reactivators: an update on the patent literature (2012-2015). Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2017 27(4):455-476. https://doi.org/10.1080/13543776.2017.1272571
Herholz K. Acetylcholine esterase activity in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008; 35 Suppl 1:S25-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-007-0699-4
Pradhan LK, Sahoo PK, Aparna S et al. Suppression of bisphenol A-induced oxidative stress by taurine promotes neuroprotection and restores altered neurobehavioral response in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environ Toxicol. 2012;36 (11):2342-2353. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.23348
Goody MF, Kelly MW, Reynolds CJ, Khalil A, Crawford BD, Henry CA. NAD + Biosynthesis Ameliorates a Zebrafish Model of Muscular Dystrophy. PLoS Biology 2012 10: e1001409. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001409
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951; 193(1): 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-6
Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres V, Feather-Stone RM. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology. 1961; 7:88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9
Mylroie AA, Collins H, Umbles C, Kyle J. Erythrocyte SOD activity and other parameters of copper status in rats ingesting lead acetate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1986; 82(3):512-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-008x(86)90286-3
Habig WH, Jakoby WB. Assays for Differentiation of Glutathione S-Transferases. Methods Enzymol. 1981; 77:398-405. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0076-6879(81)77053-8
Nojima K, Takata T, Masuno H. Prolonged exposure to a low-dose of bisphenol A increases spontaneous motor activity in adult male rats. J Physiol Sci. 2013;63:311-315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12576-013-0265-8
Gioiosa L, Fissore E, Ghirardelli G, Parmigiani S, Palanza P. Developmental exposure to low-dose estrogenic endocrine disruptors alters sex differences in exploration and emotional responses in mice. Horm Behav. 2007;52:307-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.05.006
Xuereb B, Lefèvre E, Garric J, Geffard O. Acetylcholinesterase activity in Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea Amphipoda) - Linking AChE inhibition and behavioural alteration. Aquatic Toxicology. 2009;94 (2): 114-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.06.010
Meli R, Monnolo A, Annunziata C, Pirozzi C, Ferrante MC. Oxidative Stress and BPA Toxicity: An Antioxidant Approach for Male and Female Reproductive Dysfunction. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020; 9(5):405. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9050405
Beler M, Cansız D, Ünal İ, Üstündağ ÜV, Dandin E, Ak E, Alturfan AA, Emekli-Alturfan E. Bisphenol A reveals its obesogenic effects through disrupting glucose tolerance, oxidant-antioxidant balance, and modulating inflammatory cytokines and fibroblast growth factor in zebrafish. Toxicol Ind Health. 2022;38(1):19-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/07482337211054372
Üstündağ ÜV, Ünal İ, Ateş PS, Alturfan AA, Yiğitbaşı T, Emekli-Alturfan E. Bisphenol A and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exert divergent effects on apoptosis and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in zebrafish embryos: A possible mechanism of endocrine disrupting chemical action. Toxicol Ind Health. 2017;33(12):901-910. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748233717733598
Sravani J, Padmaja K, Prasad PE, Punya Kumari BP. Effect of Bisphenol-A on Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Liver of Chick Embryos. International Journal of Meat Science. 2016; 6: 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijmeat.2016.1.5
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Pharmedicine Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
