A Compherensive Review of the Anti-Obesity Properties of Medicinal Plants
Abstract views: 390 / PDF downloads: 169
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62482/pmj.10Keywords:
Obesity, Pharmacological İnterventions, Plant Extracts, Metabolic Processes, Weight ManagementAbstract
Obesity has emerged as a global health crisis, contributing to numerous comorbidities including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic inflammation. Although lifestyle modifications are recommended to prevent obesity, the increase of obesity in last years has revealed the importance of drug research. While bariatric surgery remains an effective approach, the limited number of approved pharmacotherapies for obesity necessitates further investigation into novel therapeutic agents. Currently, there has been growing interest in exploring the potential of plant extracts in the treatment of obesity. Phytoextracts, derived from a variety of botanical sources, have attracted considerable attention due to their therapeutic properties and perceived lower risk profile compared to synthetic pharmaceuticals. These extracts often contain bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids, which have been extensively studied for their anti-obesity effects. Research indicates that certain plant extracts can modulate weight control by influencing metabolic processes, overall health, and lipid metabolism. The integration of herbal extracts into obesity treatment regimens offers a holistic approach to health, presenting a natural alternative to conventional medicine. Moreover, plant extracts often exhibit pleiotropic effects, targeting multiple pathways involved in the pathogenesis and progression of obesity. This multifaceted mechanism holds promise for enhancing clinical outcomes while minimizing the risks associated with monotherapy. However, despite regimens and potential, further research is essential to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action, optimize dosage regimens, and evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of these interventions.
References
Chanoine J, Hampl S, Jensen C, Boldrin M, Hauptman J. Effect of Orlistat on Weight and Body Composition in Obese Adolescents. JAMA. 2005;293(23):2873. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.23.2873
Astrup A, Carraro R, Finer N, Harper A, Kunesova M, Lean ME, Niskanen L, Rasmussen MF, Rissanen A, Rössner S, Savolainen MJ, Van Gaal L; NN8022-1807 Investigators. Safety, tolerability and sustained weight loss over 2 years with the once-daily human GLP-1 analog, liraglutide. Int J Obes. 2012;36(6):843-854. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2011.158
Formiguera X, Cantón A. Obesity: epidemiology and clinical aspects. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology. 2004;18(6):1125-1146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2004.06.030
Williams EP, Mesidor M, Winters K, Dubbert PM, Wyatt SB. Overweight and Obesity: Prevalence, Consequences, and Causes of a Growing Public Health Problem. Curr Obes Rep. 2015;4(3):363-370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-015-0169-4.
Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Thomson B, Graetz N, Margono C, Mullany EC, Biryukov S, Abbafati C, Abera SF, Abraham JP, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Achoki T, AlBuhairan FS, Alemu ZA, Alfonso R, Ali MK, Ali R, Guzman NA, Ammar W, Anwari P, Banerjee A, Barquera S, Basu S, Bennett DA, Bhutta Z, Blore J, Cabral N, Nonato IC, Chang JC, Chowdhury R, Courville KJ, Criqui MH, Cundiff DK, Dabhadkar KC, Dandona L, Davis A, Dayama A, Dharmaratne SD, Ding EL, Durrani AM, Esteghamati A, Farzadfar F, Fay DF, Feigin VL, Flaxman A, Forouzanfar MH, Goto A, Green MA, Gupta R, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hankey GJ, Harewood HC, Havmoeller R, Hay S, Hernandez L, Husseini A, Idrisov BT, Ikeda N, Islami F, Jahangir E, Jassal SK, Jee SH, Jeffreys M, Jonas JB, Kabagambe EK, Khalifa SE, Kengne AP, Khader YS, Khang YH, Kim D, Kimokoti RW, Kinge JM, Kokubo Y, Kosen S, Kwan G, Lai T, Leinsalu M, Li Y, Liang X, Liu S, Logroscino G, Lotufo PA, Lu Y, Ma J, Mainoo NK, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Mokdad AH, Moschandreas J, Naghavi M, Naheed A, Nand D, Narayan KM, Nelson EL, Neuhouser ML, Nisar MI, Ohkubo T, Oti SO, Pedroza A, Prabhakaran D, Roy N, Sampson U, Seo H, Sepanlou SG, Shibuya K, Shiri R, Shiue I, Singh GM, Singh JA, Skirbekk V, Stapelberg NJ, Sturua L, Sykes BL, Tobias M, Tran BX, Trasande L, Toyoshima H, van de Vijver S, Vasankari TJ, Veerman JL, Velasquez-Melendez G, Vlassov VV, Vollset SE, Vos T, Wang C, Wang X, Weiderpass E, Werdecker A, Wright JL, Yang YC, Yatsuya H, Yoon J, Yoon SJ, Zhao Y, Zhou M, Zhu S, Lopez AD, Murray CJ, Gakidou E. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet. 2014;384(9945):766-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(14)60767-4
Kolotkin RL, Meter K, Williams GR. Quality of life and obesity. Obesity Reviews. 2001;2(4):219-229. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-789x.2001.00040.x
Cooke D, Bloom S. The obesity pipeline: current strategies in the development of anti-obesity drugs. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006;5(11):919-931. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd2136
Li M. Rise and fall of anti-obesity drugs. WJD. 2011;2(2):19. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v2.i2.19
BioRender (2023). Body Mass Index Chart. https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/figures/likes/t-63d6ef257ada1cf4b051aeb3-body-mass-index-chart. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470760277.app1
Zhang J, Kang MJ, Kim MJ, Kim ME, Song JH, Lee YM, Kim JI. Pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of taraxacum officinale in vitro and in vivo. Nutr Res Pract. 2008;2(4):200. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2008.2.4.200
WHO. Obesity and Overweight. 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656653.003.0013
Masood B, Moorthy M. Causes of obesity: a review. Clinical Medicine. 2023;23(4):284-91. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2023-0168
Gjermeni E, Kirstein AS, Kolbig F, Kirchhof M, Bundalian L, Katzmann JL, Laufs U, Blüher M, Garten A, Le Duc D. Obesity–An Update on the Basic Pathophysiology and Review of Recent Therapeutic Advances. Biomolecules. 2021 S;11(10):1426. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11101426
San-Cristobal R, Navas-Carretero S, Martínez-González MÁ, Ordovas JM, Martínez JA. Contribution of macronutrients to obesity: implications for precision nutrition. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020;16(6):305-20. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-020-0346-8
Lustig RH, Collier D, Kassotis C, Roepke TA, Kim MJ, Blanc E, Barouki R, Bansal A, Cave MC, Chatterjee S, Choudhury M, Gilbertson M, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Howard S, Lind L, Tomlinson CR, Vondracek J, Heindel JJ. Obesity I: Overview and molecular and biochemical mechanisms. Biochemical Pharmacology. 2022;199:115012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115012
Heindel JJ, Newbold R, Schug TT. Endocrine disruptors and obesity. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2015;11(11):653-661. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2015.163
Wauters M, Considine R, Van Gaal L. Human leptin: from an adipocyte hormone to an endocrine mediator. Eur J Endocrinol. 2000;143(3):293-311. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1430293
Engin A. Diet-induced obesity and the mechanism of leptin resistance. Obesity and Lipotoxicity. 2017:381-397. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_16
Loos RJF, Yeo GSH. The genetics of obesity: from discovery to biology. Nat Rev Genet. 2022;23(2):120-133. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41576-021-00414-z
Nigro E, Scudiero O, Monaco ML, Palmieri A, Mazzarella G, Costagliola C, Bianco A, Daniele A. New Insight into Adiponectin Role in Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases. BioMed Research International. 2014; 2014:1-14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/658913
Blüher M. Vaspin in obesity and diabetes: pathophysiological and clinical significance. Endocrine. 2012;41(2):176-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-011-9572-0
Stastny J, Bienertova-Vasku J, Vasku A. Visfatin and its role in obesity development. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2012;6(2):120-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2012.08.011
Kelishadi R. Health impacts of Obesity. Pak J Med Sci. 2014;31(1):239. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.311.7033
Lugano G. The Effect of Obesity on the Body. 2022. [Online]. Available: https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates/figures/all/t-63923dfade666d3f86e70710-the-effect-of-obesity-on-the-body https://doi.org/10.15221/10.147
Mingrone G, Panunzi S, De Gaetano A, Guidone C, Iaconelli A, Nanni G, Castagneto M, Bornstein S, Rubino F. Bariatric–metabolic surgery versus conventional medical treatment in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: 5 year follow-up of an open-label, single-centre, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2015;386(9997):964-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00075-6
Wolfe BM, Kvach E, Eckel RH. Treatment of Obesity. Circulation Research. 2016 27;118(11):1844-55. https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.116.307591
ensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM, Ard JD, Comuzzie AG, Donato KA, Hu FB, Hubbard VS, Jakicic JM, Kushner RF, Loria CM, Millen BE, Nonas CA, Pi-Sunyer FX, Stevens J, Stevens VJ, Wadden TA, Wolfe BM, Yanovski SZ, Jordan HS, Kendall KA, Lux LJ, Mentor-Marcel R, Morgan LC, Trisolini MG, Wnek J, Anderson JL, Halperin JL, Albert NM, Bozkurt B, Brindis RG, Curtis LH, DeMets D, Hochman JS, Kovacs RJ, Ohman EM, Pressler SJ, Sellke FW, Shen WK, Smith SC Jr, Tomaselli GF; 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. Circulation. 2014;129. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000437739.71477.ee
Endalifer ML, Diress G. Epidemiology, Predisposing Factors, Biomarkers, and Prevention Mechanism of Obesity: A Systematic Review. Journal of Obesity. 2020; 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6134362
Kawser Hossain M, Abdal Dayem A, Han J, Yin Y, Kim K, Kumar Saha S, Yang GM, Choi HY, Cho SG. Molecular Mechanisms of the Anti-Obesity and Anti-Diabetic Properties of Flavonoids. IJMS. 2016;15;17(4):569. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17040569
Shang A, Gan R, Xu X, Mao Q, Zhang P, Li H. Effects and mechanisms of edible and medicinal plants on obesity: an updated review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2021 4;61(12):2061-77. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1769548
de Freitas Junior LM, de Almeida EB. Medicinal plants for the treatment of obesity: ethnopharmacological approach and chemical and biological studies. Am J Transl Res. 2017;9(5):2050-64. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003399681-4
Vasudeva N, Yadav N, Sharma SK. Natural products: A safest approach for obesity. Chin J Integr Med. 2012;18(6):473-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-012-1120-0
Ikarashi N, Toda T, Okaniwa T, Ito K, Ochiai W, Sugiyama K. Anti‐Obesity and Anti‐Diabetic Effects of Acacia Polyphenol in Obese Diabetic KKAy Mice Fed High‐Fat Diet. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2011;2011(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep241
Kasabri V, Al-Hallaq EK, Bustanji YK, Abdul-Razzak KK, Abaza IF, Afifi FU. Antiobesity and antihyperglycaemic effects of Adiantum capillus-veneris extracts: in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2017;1;55(1):164-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2016.1233567
Yu S, Li H, Cui T, Cui M, Piao C, Wang S, Ju M, Liu X, Zhou G, Xu H, Li G. Onion (Allium cepa L.) peel extract effects on 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Food Bioscience. 2021; 41:101019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101019
Rahoui W, Merzouk H, El Haci IA, Bettioui R, Azzi R, Benali M. Beneficial effects of Aloe vera gel on lipid profile, lipase activities and oxidant/antioxidant status in obese rats. Journal of Functional Foods. 2018; 48:525-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.050
Podsędek A, Majewska I, Kucharska AZ. Inhibitory Potential of Red Cabbage against Digestive Enzymes Linked to Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. J Agric Food Chem. 2017;65(33):7192-9. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02499
Zheng G, Sayama K, Okubo T, Juneja LR, Oguni I. Anti-obesity effects of three major components of green tea, catechins, caffeine and theanine, in mice. In Vivo (Brooklyn). 2004; 18:55–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-0929.2005.00251.x
Marrelli M, Loizzo MR, Nicoletti M, Menichini F, Conforti F. In vitroinvestigation of the potential health benefits of wild Mediterranean dietary plants as anti-obesity agents withα-amylase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities. J Sci Food Agric. 2014;94(11):2217-24. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6544
Moro C, Basile G. Obesity and medicinal plants. Fitoterapia. 2000;71: S73-S82. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0367-326x(00)00177-5
Supkamonseni N, Thinkratok A, Meksuriyen D, Srisawat R. Hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of Centella asiatica (L.) extract in vitro and in vivo. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1264380
Camacho S, Michlig S, de Senarclens-Bezençon C, Meylan J, Meystre J, Pezzoli M, Markram H, le Coutre J. Anti-Obesity and Anti-Hyperglycemic Effects of Cinnamaldehyde via altered Ghrelin Secretion and Functional impact on Food Intake and Gastric Emptying. Sci Rep. 2015 Jan 21;5(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep07919
Bunkrongcheap R, Hutadilok-Towatana N, Noipha K, Wattanapiromsakul C, Inafuku M, Oku H. Ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis L. Voigt) root suppresses adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Lipids Health Dis. 2014;13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511x-13-88
Pérez-Ramírez IF, González-Dávalos ML, Mora O, Gallegos-Corona MA, Reynoso-Camacho R. Effect of Ocimum sanctum and Crataegus pubescens aqueous extracts on obesity, inflammation, and glucose metabolism. Journal of Functional Foods. 2017;35: 24-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.028
Lone J, Choi JH, Kim SW, Yun JW. Curcumin induces brown fat-like phenotype in 3T3-L1 and primary white adipocytes. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 2016 ;27: 193-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.006
Faizal P, Suresh S, Satheesh Kumar R, Augusti KT. A study on the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of an ayurvedic drug Rajanyamalakadi in diabetic patients. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2009;24(1):82-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-009-0014-1
Vasques CAR, Schneider R, Klein‐Júnior LC, Falavigna A, Piazza I, Rossetto S. Hypolipemic Effect of Garcinia cambogia in Obese Women. Phytotherapy Research. 2014;28(6):887-91. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5076
Onakpoya I, Hung SK, Perry R, Wider B, Ernst E. The Use ofGarciniaExtract (Hydroxycitric Acid) as a Weight loss Supplement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical Trials. Journal of Obesity. 2011; 2011:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/509038
Buchholz T, Melzig MF. Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used for Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus - Screening for Pancreatic Lipase and α-Amylase Inhibition. Phytother Res. 2016;30(2):260-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5525
Alarcon-Aguilar FJ, Zamilpa A, Perez-Garcia MD, Almanza-Perez JC, Romero-Nuñez E, Campos-Sepulveda EA, Vazquez-Carrillo LI, Roman-Ramos R. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa on obesity in MSG mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2007;114(1):66-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.07.020
Song H, Chu Q, Yan F, Yang Y, Han W, Zheng X. Red pitaya betacyanins protects from diet‐induced obesity, liver steatosis and insulin resistance in association with modulation of gut microbiota in mice. J of Gastro and Hepatol. 2016;31(8):1462-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13278
Han Y, Zhao C, He X, Sheng Y, Ma T, Sun Z, Liu C, Fan S, Xu W, Huang K, Purple lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) attenuates metabolic disorders in diet induced obesity. Journal of Functional Foods. 2018; 45:462-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.027
Qi S, Huang H, Huang J, Wang Q, Wei Q. Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) seed water extract as potential antioxidant and anti-obese natural additive in meat products. Food Control. 2015; 50:195-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.08.047
Lee D, Shin Y, Jang J, Park Y, Ahn J, Jeong S, Shin SS, Yoon M. The herbal extract ALS-L1023 from Melissa officinalis alleviates visceral obesity and insulin resistance in obese female C57BL/6J mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2020; 253:112646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.112646
Kim M, Park M, Jeong MK, Yeo J, Cho W, Chang P, Chung J, Lee J.Radical scavenging activity and anti-obesity effects in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation of Ssuk (Artemisia princeps Pamp.) extract. Food Sci Biotechnol. 2010;19(2):535-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-010-0074-2
Lamichhane R, Pandeya PR, Lee KH, Lamichhane G, Cheon JY, Park HS, Tuan NQ, Jung HJ. Evaluation of Anti-Obesity and Antidiabetic Activities of Orostachys japonicus in Cell and Animal Models. Pharmaceuticals. 2024;17(3):357. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17030357
Thomas SS, Kim M, Lee SJ, Cha Y. Antiobesity Effects of Purple Perilla (Perilla frutescens var. acuta) on Adipocyte Differentiation and Mice Fed a High‐fat Diet. Journal of Food Science. 2018 Sep;83(9):2384-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.14288
Nahak G, Sahu RK. Phytochemical evaluation and antioxidant activity of Piper cubeba and Piper nigrum. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2011;(Issue):153-157. https://doi.org/10.5937/savteh2401042s
BrahmaNaidu P, Nemani H, Meriga B, Mehar SK, Potana S, Ramgopalrao S. Mitigating efficacy of piperine in the physiological derangements of high fat diet induced obesity in Sprague Dawley rats. Chemico-Biological Interactions. 2014 Sep; 221:42-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2014.07.008
Sabzghabaee A, Kelishadi R, Jelokhanian H, Asgary S, Ghannadi A, Badri S. Clinical Effects of Portulaca Oleracea Seeds on Dyslipidemia in Obese Adolescents: a Triple-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. Med Arh. 2014;68(3):195. https://doi.org/10.5455/medarh.2014.68.195-199
Park YJ, Kim MS, Kim HR, Kim JM, Hwang JK, Yang SH, Kim HJ, Lee DS, Oh H, Kim YC, Ryu DG, Lee YR, Kwon KB. Ethanol Extract ofAlismatis rhizomeInhibits Adipocyte Differentiation of OP9 Cells. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2014; 2014:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/415097
Nam MK, Choi HR, Cho JS, Cho SM, Ha KC, Kim TH, Ryu HY, Lee YI. Inhibitory effects of Rubi Fructus extracts on hepatic steatosis development in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Molecular Medicine Reports. 2014;10(4):1821-7. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2398
Boukhary RMK, Omeiche Z, Hijazi MA, Jawhari P, Jawish L, Ajjour H. Review on chemical constituents and biological activities of genus Rumex. BAU Journal-Health and Wellbeing. 2023;5(2): Rima-El. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2019.11.180
Knez Hrnčič M, Ivanovski M, Cör D, Knez Ž. Chia Seeds (Salvia Hispanica L.): An Overview—Phytochemical Profile, Isolation Methods, and Application. Molecules. 2019;25(1):11. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010011
de Souza T, Vargas da Silva S, Fonte-Faria T, Nascimento-Silva V, Barja-Fidalgo C, Citelli M. Chia oil induces browning of white adipose tissue in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 2020; 507:110772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2020.110772
Wang Z, Kim JH, Jang YS, Kim CH, Lee J, Lim SS. Anti-obesity effect ofSolidago virgaureavar. giganteaextract through regulation of adipogenesis and lipogenesis pathways in high-fat diet-induced obese mice (C57BL/6N). Food & Nutrition Research. 2017;61(1):1273479. https://doi.org/10.1080/16546628.2016.1273479
Ding Y, Gu Z, Wang Y, Wang S, Chen H, Zhang H, Chen W, Chen YQ. Clove extract functions as a natural fatty acid synthesis inhibitor and prevents obesity in a mouse model. Food Funct. 2017;8(8):2847-56. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7fo00096k
Mopuri R, Ganjayi M, Banavathy KS, Parim BN, Meriga B. Evaluation of anti-obesity activities of ethanolic extract of Terminalia paniculata bark on high fat diet-induced obese rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0598-3
Fan S, Raychaudhuri S, Page R, Shahinozzaman M, Obanda DN. Metagenomic insights into the effects of Urtica dioica vegetable on the gut microbiota of C57BL/6J obese mice, particularly the composition of Clostridia. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 2021; 91:108594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108594
Sevinc SK, Karadeniz M, Sen A, Orun O, Göger F, Bagatur İH, Olgac E, Kırmacı MR, Tuyan ME, Yalman U, Tiber PM. Apoptotic and antiproliferative effects of Urtica dioica L. extract on K562 chronic myeloid leukemia cell line. 2023. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4246452
Di Pietro Fernandes C, Santana LF, dos Santos JR, Fernandes DS, Hiane PA, Pott A, et al. Nutraceutical Potential of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Oil in Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Obesity and Metabolic Alterations. Molecules. 2023;28(23):7811. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28237811
Kim S, Lee MS, Jung S, Son HY, Park S, Kang B, Kim SY, Kim IH, Kim CT, Kim Y. Ginger Extract Ameliorates Obesity and Inflammation via Regulating MicroRNA-21/132 Expression and AMPK Activation in White Adipose Tissue. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1567. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10111567
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Pharmedicine Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.